O sakchar\u00f3dis diav\u00edtis e\u00ednai \u00e9na sychn\u00f3 metavolik\u00f3 n\u00f3sima pou charaktir\u00edzetai ap\u00f3 ypsil\u00e1 ep\u00edpeda glyk\u00f3zis sto a\u00edma. I glyk\u00f3zi lamv\u00e1netai ap\u00f3 tin trof\u00ed kai e\u00ednai i k\u00fdria pig\u00ed en\u00e9rgeias ton kytt\u00e1ron. I insoul\u00edni e\u00ednai mia orm\u00f3ni i opo\u00eda synt\u00edthetai sto p\u00e1nkreas kai voith\u00e1 ti glyk\u00f3zi na eis\u00e9lthei sta k\u00fdttara kai na chrisimopoiithe\u00ed os en\u00e9rgeia. I elattom\u00e9ni \u00e9kkrisi tis insoul\u00ednis \u00ed i adynam\u00eda apotelesmatik\u00eds chr\u00edsis aft\u00eds, den epitr\u00e9poun ti dr\u00e1si tis, me apot\u00e9lesma i glyk\u00f3zi na min eis\u00e9rchetai sta k\u00fdttara all\u00e1 na param\u00e9nei sto a\u00edma. (yperglykaim\u00eda). Oi 3 k\u00fdrioi t\u00fdpoi sakchar\u00f3dous diav\u00edti: Diav\u00edtis t\u00fdpou I (Pr\u00f3in Insoulinoexart\u00f3menos \u00ed Paidik\u00f3s Diav\u00edtis) O\u00a0 sakchar\u00f3dis diav\u00edti t\u00fdpou I, ofe\u00edletai se afto\u00e1nosi katastrof\u00ed ton v-kytt\u00e1ron tou pankr\u00e9atos. Os ek to\u00fatou, den par\u00e1getai insoul\u00edni, me apot\u00e9lesma afxim\u00e9na ep\u00edpeda glyk\u00f3zis sto a\u00edma kai sta o\u00fara. Diav\u00edtis t\u00fdpou\u00a0II (Diav\u00edtis enil\u00edkon) O\u00a0 sakchar\u00f3dis diav\u00edti t\u00fdpou II emfan\u00edzetai syn\u00edthos se megal\u00fdteres ilik\u00edes kai ofe\u00edletai se stadiak\u00e1 meio\u00fameni \u00e9kkrisi insoul\u00ednis ap\u00f3 ta v-k\u00fdttara, sychn\u00e1 se \u00e9dafos ant\u00edstasis stin insoul\u00edni. Diav\u00edtis k\u00fdisis O\u00a0 diav\u00edti k\u00fdisis emfan\u00edzetai kat\u00e1 ti di\u00e1rkeia tis enkymos\u00fdnis (i ex\u00e9tasi g\u00ednetai metax\u00fd 24is kai 28is evdom\u00e1das) kai e\u00ednai i monadik\u00ed morf\u00ed diav\u00edti pou ypochore\u00ed (met\u00e1 ton toket\u00f3) kai den akolouthe\u00ed to \u00e1tomo se \u00f3li tou ti zo\u00ed, bore\u00ed \u00f3mos na prokal\u00e9sei perigennitik\u00e9s epiplok\u00e9s kai provl\u00edmata stin yge\u00eda mit\u00e9ras kai neogno\u00fa. \u00c1lloi t\u00fdpoi Diav\u00edti Ofe\u00edlontai se metall\u00e1xeis tou\u00a0 HNF1A gonid\u00edou pou epire\u00e1zoun ton arithm\u00f3 kai ti leitourg\u00eda ton v kytt\u00e1ron tou pankr\u00e9atos (MODY- Mature Onset Diabetes of the Young), se nos\u00edmata tis exokrino\u00fas mo\u00edras tou pankr\u00e9atos (kystik\u00ed \u00ednosi, pankreat\u00edtida), se f\u00e1rmaka (glykokortikoeid\u00ed sti therape\u00eda tou HIV\/AIDS). Sympt\u00f3mata I klasik\u00ed symptomatolog\u00eda tou sakchar\u00f3dous diav\u00edti perilamv\u00e1nei tin polyour\u00eda, tin polydips\u00eda, tin polyfag\u00eda kai tin ap\u00f3leia somatiko\u00fa v\u00e1rous. Ston diav\u00edti t\u00fdpou 1, i eisvol\u00ed tis n\u00f3sou e\u00ednai syn\u00edthos ap\u00f3tomi dilad\u00ed i asth\u00e9neia kai ta sympt\u00f3mata \u00e1ma ti emfan\u00edsei anapt\u00fdssontai tach\u00fdtata. Ston diav\u00edti t\u00fdpou 2, i n\u00f3sos eisv\u00e1llei vathmia\u00eda kai ta sympt\u00f3mata (synech\u00eds a\u00edsthisi d\u00edpsas, ap\u00f3leia v\u00e1rous, k\u00f3posi, sychnoour\u00eda) end\u00e9chetai na\u00a0 diaf\u00fdgoun tis prosoch\u00eds tou asthen\u00ed me apot\u00e9lesma na per\u00e1sei meg\u00e1lo chronik\u00f3 di\u00e1stima prin g\u00ednei i di\u00e1gnosi. Di\u00e1gnosi Diav\u00edti S\u00fdmfona me tin Amerikanik\u00ed Diavitologik\u00ed Etaire\u00eda, prokeim\u00e9nou na tethe\u00ed me vevai\u00f3tita i di\u00e1gnosi Sakchar\u00f3dous Diav\u00edti, tha pr\u00e9pei na isch\u00fdei \u00e9na ap\u00f3 ta parak\u00e1to krit\u00edria: Tim\u00ed glyk\u00f3zis pl\u00e1smatos niste\u00edas (to de\u00edgma lamv\u00e1netai met\u00e1 ap\u00f3 8 toul\u00e1chiston \u00f3res apoch\u00eds ap\u00f3 tin pr\u00f3slipsi trof\u00eds) \u2265 126 mg\/dL Tim\u00ed glyk\u00f3zis pl\u00e1smatos 2 \u00f3res met\u00e1 ap\u00f3 chor\u00edgisi 75g glyk\u00f3zis ap\u00f3 tou st\u00f3matos \u2265200 mg\/dL A1c (Glykozyliom\u00e9ni aimosfair\u00edni) \u2265 6.5% Se asthen\u00ed me klasik\u00ed symptomatolog\u00eda yperglykaim\u00edas, tycha\u00eda tim\u00ed glyk\u00f3zis pl\u00e1smatos \u2265200 mg\/dL Antimet\u00f3pisi Diav\u00edti I farmakeftik\u00ed agog\u00ed gia to diav\u00edti aposkope\u00ed sti r\u00fdthmisi ton epip\u00e9don tis glyk\u00f3zis sto a\u00edma, sti diat\u00edrisi tis synolik\u00eds yge\u00edas tou diavitiko\u00fa asthen\u00ed kai stin apofyg\u00ed epiplok\u00f3n. Apotele\u00edtai ap\u00f3 chor\u00edgisi en\u00e9simis insoul\u00ednis \u00ed antidiavitik\u00f3n disk\u00edon \u00ed syndyasm\u00f3 aft\u00f3n kai tha pr\u00e9pei na synart\u00e1tai me ygiein\u00ed diatrof\u00ed kai \u00e1skisi O asthen\u00eds tha pr\u00e9pei na yp\u00f3keitai se makrochr\u00f3nio glykaimik\u00f3 \u00e9lencho an\u00e1 takt\u00e1 chronik\u00e1 diast\u00edmata. Ep\u00edsis synist\u00e1tai: Diakop\u00ed tou kapn\u00edsmatos \u00c9lenchos tis artiriak\u00eds p\u00edesis kai ton epip\u00e9don cholister\u00f3lis \u00c1fxisi tis somatik\u00eds \u00e1skisis I epilog\u00ed tou therapeftiko\u00fa sch\u00edmatos gia ton diavitik\u00f3 asthen\u00ed g\u00ednetai apokleistik\u00e1 ap\u00f3 ton iatr\u00f3 tou\u00a0 me v\u00e1si ton t\u00fdpo tou diav\u00edti, to istorik\u00f3 tou kai tin kat\u00e1stasi tis synolik\u00eds tou yge\u00edas. Se asthene\u00eds me diav\u00edti t\u00fdpou I, i chor\u00edgisi en\u00e9simis insoul\u00ednis (efarm\u00f3zetai me eidik\u00e1 styl\u00f3 \u00ed me eidik\u00ed syskev\u00ed rythmism\u00e9ni na efodi\u00e1zei ton asthen\u00ed me insoul\u00edni stin kat\u00e1llili pos\u00f3tita) e\u00ednai apara\u00edtiti gia tin exasf\u00e1lisi ton epithymit\u00f3n epip\u00e9don glyk\u00f3zis. Se asthene\u00eds me diav\u00edti t\u00fdpou II, o glykaimik\u00f3s \u00e9lenchos e\u00ednai dynat\u00f3n na epitefchthe\u00ed archik\u00e1 me \u00e9lencho tou somatiko\u00fa v\u00e1rous \u00e1skisi kai d\u00edaita par\u00e1llila me ti chor\u00edgisi antidiavitik\u00f3n farm\u00e1kon ap\u00f3 tou st\u00f3matos. M\u00e9chri prin ap\u00f3 l\u00edga chr\u00f3nia ta m\u00f3na antidiavitik\u00e1 f\u00e1rmaka pou lamv\u00e1nontan ap\u00f3 to st\u00f3ma \u00edtan oi soulfonylour\u00edes pou st\u00f3chevan sti me\u00edosi tou sakch\u00e1rou tou a\u00edmatos afx\u00e1nontas tin paragog\u00ed insoul\u00ednis. Ta s\u00fdnchrona f\u00e1rmaka gia ton diav\u00edti stoch\u00e9voun stin ant\u00edstasi kai tin paragog\u00ed insoul\u00ednis kath\u00f3s kai se \u00e1lles ait\u00edes emf\u00e1nisis ypsilo\u00fa sakch\u00e1rou a\u00edmatos. Insoul\u00edni tha chreiasto\u00fan oi asthene\u00eds afto\u00ed oi opo\u00edoi tha apot\u00fdchoun ston glykaimik\u00f3 \u00e9lencho pou tha k\u00e1noun afo\u00fa \u00e9choun l\u00e1vei ta parap\u00e1no m\u00e9tra. O synith\u00e9steros tr\u00f3pos chor\u00edgisis tis insoul\u00ednis e\u00ednai i ypod\u00f3ria chor\u00edgisi. O t\u00fdpos insoul\u00ednis, i d\u00f3si kai i sychn\u00f3tita chor\u00edgisis exart\u00f3ntai apokleistik\u00e1 ap\u00f3 tis an\u00e1nkes tou ek\u00e1stote astheno\u00fas. Gia to l\u00f3go aft\u00f3, to sch\u00edma tis insoulinotherape\u00edas e\u00ednai ap\u00f3lyta exatomikevm\u00e9no.<\/div>\n

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